History of the Black Box aka Flight Data Recorder

David Warren had a deeply personal reason to invent the  flight-data recorder (commonly referred to as the â€Å"black box†). In 1934, his father died in one of Australia’s earliest air crashes.   Early Life and Career David Warren was born in 1925 on Groote Eylandt, and island off the Northern coast of Australia. Gadgets and devices, like the ham radio left to him by his father, helped Warren through his childhood and adolescence. His educational record speaks for itself: he graduated with honors from the University of Sydney before earning a diploma in education from the University of Melbourne and a Ph.D. in chemistry from Imperial College London. In the 1950s, as Warren was working for the Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Melbourne, a few developments occurred to reignite his instincts regarding in-flight recordings. In Britain in 1949, the de Havilland Comet was introduced—only to experience a disaster in 1954 with a series of high-profile crashes. Without any kind of recording device from inside the aircraft, determining the causes and investigating the intricacies of these disasters was a famously difficult task for the British authorities. Prime Minister Winston Churchill himself was quoted as saying, â€Å"The cost of solving the Comet mystery must be reckoned neither in money nor in manpower.† Around the same time, the earliest tape recorders were being introduced in trade shows and storefront windows. It was a German-made one that first caught Warren’s eye, leading him to wonder how much more information the authorities would have during its investigations if a device like this had been in the Comet. Inventing the "Memory Unit" In 1957, Warren completed a prototype—which he termed the â€Å"Memory Unit†Ã¢â‚¬â€for his device. His idea, however, was greeted with no shortage of criticism from the Australian authorities. The Royal Australian Air Force haughtily suggested that the device would capture â€Å"more expletives than explanations,† while the Australian pilots themselves worried about the potential for spying and surveillance. It took the British—the maker of the tarnished Comet—to appreciate the necessity of Warren’s device. From there, flight-data recorders proceeded to become standard procedure not only in Britain and Australia but also in America and in the commercial flying industry all across the world. There seems to be some dispute as to how Warren’s device came to be known as the black box, considering that the color of Warren’s prototype was closer to red or orange, in order to make the device stand out amidst the wreckage of a crash. However, the black-box moniker has stuck, perhaps owing to the intense steel casing required to protect the box. Warren has never received financial reward for his invention, although he has—after what was initially quite a battle—been officially recognized by his own country: in 2002, he was awarded the Order of Australia for his contributions. Warren died in 2010, at the age of 85, but his invention continues to be a mainstay on aircraft worldwide, recording both cockpit chatter and instrument readings of altitude, speed, direction, and other statistics. Additionally, car manufacturers have recently started installing black boxes in their vehicles, adding another chapter in the evolution of Warren’s originally maligned idea.

Plato s Republic A Practical Approach - 1904 Words

In Plato’s Republic, Socrates engages in a theoretical discussion to understand the nature of justice and virtues which ultimately will lead to the Form of the Good and happiness in the soul. Likewise, in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle takes a practical approach to discern how to achieve Eudaimonia, the universal good, through virtues. Although they both agree that virtues are detrimental in attaining the good, they have different accounts of what â€Å"good† is, and have different means of achieving it. Socrates first discusses the proper virtues and functions in the individual by imploring a hypothetical ideal city state in order to discover what it takes to reach the Form of the Good. Using elenchus, Socrates and his fellow†¦show more content†¦It’s an agreement that the naturally better part should rule over the worse. The last virtue left is justice, which is doing one’s work and not involving themselves in other people’s practices, which gives way to the previous virtues mentioned. This is parallel to the soul, as there are three parts which are the appetitive, rational, and spirited. The appetitive part deals with desires, passions, and thirsts, while the rational part involves wisdom and reasoning on how to rule the soul, helping to combat the appetitive part. The spirited part works with the rational part of the soul to help control the appetites, and courage is found in spirit. We know what enrages us when we are treated unjustly. Temperance ar ises when the three parts of the soul agree that reason should rule, which promotes justice and the soul will be in harmony. Justice is concerned with a person’s inward self, and with the appropriate balance of the various parts of the soul. Justice is a natural harmony, and the person will be able to do just things if they maintain this internal state. Harmony of the soul promotes happiness, and a just person will live well. Happiness and well-being can be achieved through harmony of the soul due to justice, but the Form of the Good is still not reached. Socrates believes that the Guardians should be philosophers, sinceShow MoreRelatedMachiavelli Plato Rebuplic Prince Comparison1419 Words   |  6 PagesHaà ¾im Cihan Demirkà ¶prà ¼là ¼, 20303433 Essay Question: Compare the Characteristics of the true guardians, as described by Plato (Republic, bk VII, pp.158 #8211; 61, 484b #8211; 487e) with the characteristics of the rulers, as described by Machiavelli (The Prince, ch.15, pp. 47 #8211; 49 and ch. 18, pp.54f). What is the most important difference between the two accounts? In your view, which account is better, and why? For centuries, every ruler created their own principles and rules and somehowRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Plato s The Leviathan And The Republic1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis is especially true for the term â€Å"justice†. 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I have also chosen the Arnold Preface because it is manageable in length, and because, as Stefan Collini says in his book ArnoldRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1775 Words   |  8 Pagesattainment of knowledge, standards mastery, and the ability to reason come second to a student s overall well-being. Elements of behaviorism, essentialism, progressivism, existentialism and perennialism have influenced educational philosophy plans. According to Jax (n.d.), â€Å"The philosophy of education began with Plato when he discussed in The Republic the education of warriors and philosopher-kings. Plato believed that the education of warriors was to instill knowledge, whereas the education of philosopher-kings

International Economics for Integration of Global Trade Cycle

Question: Discuss about theInternational Economics for Integration of Global Trade Cycle. Answer: Globalization is the process of increasing integration and environment of co-operation among different economies. It results in inter-related and integrated world economies. The benefits of globalization is realized in forms of greater free trade, increased capital flows, increased movement of labor, integration of global trade cycle, growth of multinational companies and improved means of transport and communication that removes barriers among countries. Free trade allows specialization to the countries. When countries specialize in goods, in which it has a comparative advantages then it enjoys several benefits (Baylis, Owens Smith, 2017). The consumers get goods at a lower price in the world market; trade enables a greater choice of goods and a wider market for exporters, increased competition in the world market enhances efficiency in production and the countries enjoys economies of scale. The free movement of labor comes with advantages for both the countries and workers. The in creasing specialization reduces average cost and makes good cheaper. Globalization comes along with the benefit of increased investment. The flow of funds from developed to developing nations contributes to economic growth of these nations. The anti-globalization arguments are related to effects of trade on labor standard, workers and environment. In contrast to the benefits of free trade arguments, there are two widely held controversies against free trade. The supporters of government intervention states that there are some industries remaining underfunded in the free market environment (Mander, 2014). Other forms of imperfect competition dominate these markets. The globalization effect on environment, workers and sovereignty warrant the support from government. The free trade resulted from globalization harms developing countries. The developing countries face difficulty to compete with developed nation. The industries in developing nation often need protection to develop fully. One major problem of globalization is increased use of non-renewable resources. A byproduct of this is the increased pollution and problem of global warming. The globalization fails to set a desirable environment standard. The free movement o f workers creates the problem of labor drain. It becomes difficult for low paying countries to retain their skilled workers. Globalization has a mixed impact on growth of world economies. Free trade that resulted from globalization allows specialization based on comparative advantage (Stiglitz, 2017). The comparative advantages foster growth contributed from countrys openness in the world market. The resulted Foreign Direct Investment affects economic growth and has a positive impact in developed nations leading to higher growth rate. Globalization boosts technological development that has promoted unparalleled development of economies. In some countries, globalization increases human welfare and eliminate poverty and underdevelopment. However, the benefits of globalization can be reaped only by countries having capacity of exploring new opportunities and have potentials to absorb the adverse impact of the process. However, growth impact of globalization on underdeveloped and developing nations remain ambiguous. The effect of globalization on economic growth depends on the structure of economics in globali zation process (Rodrik, 2014). The growth impact changes depending on policy set for improvement of financial system and human capital. Trade balance of a nation keeps record of countrys export and import. Trade deficit is a situation where countrys import exceeds its imports. The trade deficit in US has become a cause of concern for the US government because of its adverse impact on the domestic economy (Kim, 2014). Trade deficit affects US economy through three direct channels. First, the growing trade deficit since past two decades has destroyed many manufacturing jobs. As U.S. mostly exports manufacturing goods, trade deficit resulted from declining exports depressed manufacturing sectors and causes significant job losses. Transition is observed from highly paid manufacturing jobs to low paid jobs in the service sector. In addition to job losses, the adverse impact of trade deficit is observed in a depressed wage of workers (Irwin, 2015). The problem of unemployment can be countered with active policies taken by the government such as decline in the interest rate or increased government expenditure. However, the effect on job composition cannot be altered. Workers who lose jobs in manufacturing finds job in some other sectors mostly in service sectors where wage is low. The import growth in countries having a low wage creates downward pressure on the workers wage in U.S. In response to a low-priced imported good, prices of products produced in U.S. In order to reduce production cost firms in U.S have to cut wages. The U.S. government is concerned with the effect of trade deficit on their trade competitiveness. When trade deficit raises then many firms and industries were closed negatively affected the domestic economy. Trade surplus describe a situation in which export of a nation exceeds its import. A trade surplus benefits nation in many ways. Increase in export means increased demand for goods in the international market (Acemoglu et al., 2016). This helps to expand business in the domestic economy. With increased production new job opportunities open up solving the problem of unemployment. In order to expand production labor demand raises. This pushes wage in labor market to a high level. Therefore, the problems created with a trade deficit come to an end with a surplus trade balance. However, trade surplus increases the inflow of domestic currency lowering its value in the exchange market. This makes import expensive. For countries with heavy reliance on import, the rising import price is a problem. The manufacturing industry in U.S. is the propeller of economic growth. The U.S. manufacturing sector depends on imported raw materials. Therefore, increasing cost of raw materials increases the pr oduction cost (Melvin Norrbin, 2017). In this situation the government in U.S. should take proper policy to maintain a stale import price. However, trade surplus might create a problem in terms of raising import cost but the problem is not as severe as trade deficit. References Acemoglu, D., Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G. H., Price, B. (2016). Import competition and the great US employment sag of the 2000s.Journal of Labor Economics,34(S1), S141-S198. Baylis, J., Owens, P., Smith, S. (Eds.). (2017).The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Irwin, D. A. (2015).Free trade under fire. Princeton University Press. Kim, M. H. (2014). The USChina Trade Deficit.The International Trade Journal,28(1), 65-83. Mander, J. (2014).The case against the global economy: and for a turn towards localization. Routledge. Melvin, M., Norrbin, S. (2017).International money and finance. Academic Press. Rodrik, D. (2014). The past, present, and future of economic growth.Challenge,57(3), 5-39. Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). The overselling of globalization.Business Economics,52(3), 129-137.

Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales Review Essay Example

Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales Review Paper Essay on Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales nothing if I have you poofftopayu here? Continuing the series of childhood memories: -))) But first read a book was a brilliant ballad Orlov Piggy offended. This book-harmonica In a poodle -. New A purple beret. (Illustration: disgustingly pleased poodle with an idiotic advertising smile) We will write a custom essay sample on Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vitali Bianchi. Stories and Tales Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In goat Red Satin jacket (such as a happy goat) In the chicken a bow. , The cat boots, The two cocks -. According to the harmonica All very satisfied, A pig angry (bems pig: greasy, but very nice). The tears turned It is from the trough: She wants a new Purple takes, She wants red Satin vest, She wants to bow, Boots And the two cocks bellows (illustration hryushkinyh fantasies: full boekomp . EKT happiness Piggy dancing a jig and play two harmonicas at once) But it has not been thought no one She was given not, It is not the ! and the fact that she did not like: she was given a washcloth and soap Oh, my God, I empathized this piggy (((((. (((((((((((and still before the eyes of the final image: pig nevertheless decided to maintain position until the end and sat, turned away from the trough. Dirty, but inflexible. It was evident that she is sad, but it is not for anything in the world will not go against their nature, do not come on the throat of the song. The only thing missing inscription PUNKS NOT DEAD This is where the origins of the later non-conformism -:. -) Once again, sorry. Shut up and disappear.